Extra Features

ast/ast.go

@@ -356,3 +356,26 @@ func (hl HashLiteral) String() string {
 }
 
 func (hl HashLiteral) expressionNode() {}
+
+type WhileExpression struct {
+	Token       token.Token // The 'while' token
+	Condition   Expression
+	Consequence *BlockStatement
+}
+
+func (we *WhileExpression) expressionNode() {}
+
+// TokenLiteral prints the literal value of the token associated with this node
+func (we *WhileExpression) TokenLiteral() string { return we.Token.Literal }
+
+// String returns a stringified version of the AST for debugging
+func (we *WhileExpression) String() string {
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+
+	out.WriteString("while")
+	out.WriteString(we.Condition.String())
+	out.WriteString(" ")
+	out.WriteString(we.Consequence.String())
+
+	return out.String()
+}

code/code.go

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ const (
 	OpClosure
 	OpGetFree
 	OpCurrentClosure
+	OpNoop
 )
 
 type Definition struct {
@@ -79,6 +80,7 @@ var definitions = map[Opcode]*Definition{
 	OpClosure:        {"OpClosure", []int{2, 1}},
 	OpGetFree:        {"OpGetFree", []int{1}},
 	OpCurrentClosure: {"OpCurrentClosure", []int{}},
+	OpNoop:           {"OpNoop", []int{}},
 }
 
 func Lookup(op byte) (*Definition, error) {

compiler/compiler.go

@@ -75,7 +75,10 @@ func (c *Compiler) Compile(node ast.Node) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		c.emit(code.OpPop)
+
+		if !c.lastInstructionIs(code.OpNoop) {
+			c.emit(code.OpPop)
+		}
 
 	case *ast.InfixExpression:
 		if node.Operator == "<" {
@@ -196,7 +199,11 @@ func (c *Compiler) Compile(node ast.Node) error {
 		}
 
 	case *ast.LetStatement:
-		symbol := c.symbolTable.Define(node.Name.Value)
+		symbol, ok := c.symbolTable.Resolve(node.Name.Value)
+		if !ok {
+			symbol = c.symbolTable.Define(node.Name.Value)
+		}
+
 		err := c.Compile(node.Value)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -328,6 +335,27 @@ func (c *Compiler) Compile(node ast.Node) error {
 
 		c.emit(code.OpCall, len(node.Arguments))
 
+	case *ast.WhileExpression:
+		jumpConditionPos := len(c.currentInstructions())
+
+		err := c.Compile(node.Condition)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		// Emit an `OpJump`with a bogus value
+		jumpIfFalsePos := c.emit(code.OpJumpNotTruthy, 0xFFFF)
+
+		err = c.Compile(node.Consequence)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		c.emit(code.OpJump, jumpConditionPos)
+
+		afterConsequencePos := c.emit(code.OpNoop)
+		c.changeOperand(jumpIfFalsePos, afterConsequencePos)
+
 	}
 
 	return nil

compiler/compiler_test.go

@@ -836,6 +836,24 @@ func TestLetStatementScopes(t *testing.T) {
 				code.Make(code.OpPop),
 			},
 		},
+		{
+			input: `
+			let a = 0;
+			let a = a + 1;
+			`,
+			expectedConstants: []interface{}{
+				0,
+				1,
+			},
+			expectedInstructions: []code.Instructions{
+				code.Make(code.OpConstant, 0),
+				code.Make(code.OpSetGlobal, 0),
+				code.Make(code.OpGetGlobal, 0),
+				code.Make(code.OpConstant, 1),
+				code.Make(code.OpAdd),
+				code.Make(code.OpSetGlobal, 0),
+			},
+		},
 	}
 
 	runCompilerTests(t, tests)
@@ -854,7 +872,7 @@ func TestBuiltins(t *testing.T) {
 				code.Make(code.OpArray, 0),
 				code.Make(code.OpCall, 1),
 				code.Make(code.OpPop),
-				code.Make(code.OpGetBuiltin, 5),
+				code.Make(code.OpGetBuiltin, 6),
 				code.Make(code.OpArray, 0),
 				code.Make(code.OpConstant, 0),
 				code.Make(code.OpCall, 2),
@@ -950,6 +968,33 @@ func TestRecursiveFunctions(t *testing.T) {
 	runCompilerTests(t, tests)
 }
 
+func TestIteration(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []compilerTestCase{
+		{
+			input: `
+			while (true) { 10 };
+            `,
+			expectedConstants: []interface{}{10},
+			expectedInstructions: []code.Instructions{
+				// 0000
+				code.Make(code.OpTrue),
+				// 0001
+				code.Make(code.OpJumpNotTruthy, 11),
+				// 0004
+				code.Make(code.OpConstant, 0),
+				// 0007
+				code.Make(code.OpPop),
+				// 0008
+				code.Make(code.OpJump, 0),
+				// 0011
+				code.Make(code.OpNoop),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	runCompilerTests(t, tests)
+}
+
 func runCompilerTests(t *testing.T, tests []compilerTestCase) {
 	t.Helper()
 

evaluator/builtins.go

@@ -6,9 +6,12 @@ import (
 
 var builtins = map[string]*object.Builtin{
 	"len":   object.GetBuiltinByName("len"),
+	"input": object.GetBuiltinByName("input"),
+	"print": object.GetBuiltinByName("print"),
 	"first": object.GetBuiltinByName("first"),
 	"last":  object.GetBuiltinByName("last"),
 	"rest":  object.GetBuiltinByName("rest"),
 	"push":  object.GetBuiltinByName("push"),
-	"puts":  object.GetBuiltinByName("puts"),
+	"pop":   object.GetBuiltinByName("pop"),
+	"exit":  object.GetBuiltinByName("exit"),
 }

evaluator/evaluator.go

@@ -35,6 +35,9 @@ func Eval(node ast.Node, env *object.Environment) object.Object {
 	case *ast.IfExpression:
 		return evalIfExpression(node, env)
 
+	case *ast.WhileExpression:
+		return evalWhileExpression(node, env)
+
 	case *ast.ReturnStatement:
 		val := Eval(node.ReturnValue, env)
 		if isError(val) {
@@ -123,6 +126,29 @@ func Eval(node ast.Node, env *object.Environment) object.Object {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func evalWhileExpression(we *ast.WhileExpression, env *object.Environment) object.Object {
+	var result object.Object
+
+	for {
+		condition := Eval(we.Condition, env)
+		if isError(condition) {
+			return condition
+		}
+
+		if isTruthy(condition) {
+			result = Eval(we.Consequence, env)
+		} else {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	if result != nil {
+		return result
+	} else {
+		return NULL
+	}
+}
+
 func evalProgram(program *ast.Program, env *object.Environment) object.Object {
 	var result object.Object
 

evaluator/evaluator_test.go

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 package evaluator
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"monkey/lexer"
 	"monkey/object"
 	"monkey/parser"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
 )
 
@@ -338,22 +341,25 @@ func TestBuiltinFunctions(t *testing.T) {
 		{`len("")`, 0},
 		{`len("four")`, 4},
 		{`len("hello world")`, 11},
-		{`len(1)`, "argument to `len` not supported, got INTEGER"},
+		{`len(1)`, errors.New("argument to `len` not supported, got INTEGER")},
-		{`len("one", "two")`, "wrong number of arguments. got=2, want=1"},
+		{`len("one", "two")`, errors.New("wrong number of arguments. got=2, want=1")},
 		{`len("∑")`, 1},
 		{`len([1, 2, 3])`, 3},
 		{`len([])`, 0},
 		{`first([1, 2, 3])`, 1},
 		{`first([])`, nil},
-		{`first(1)`, "argument to `first` must be ARRAY, got INTEGER"},
+		{`first(1)`, errors.New("argument to `first` must be ARRAY, got INTEGER")},
 		{`last([1, 2, 3])`, 3},
 		{`last([])`, nil},
-		{`last(1)`, "argument to `last` must be ARRAY, got INTEGER"},
+		{`last(1)`, errors.New("argument to `last` must be ARRAY, got INTEGER")},
 		{`rest([1, 2, 3])`, []int{2, 3}},
 		{`rest([])`, nil},
 		{`push([], 1)`, []int{1}},
-		{`push(1, 1)`, "argument to `push` must be ARRAY, got INTEGER"},
+		{`push(1, 1)`, errors.New("argument to `push` must be ARRAY, got INTEGER")},
-		{`puts("Hello World")`, nil},
+		{`print("Hello World")`, nil},
+		{`input()`, ""},
+		{`pop([])`, errors.New("cannot pop from an empty array")},
+		{`pop([1])`, 1},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
@@ -363,13 +369,15 @@ func TestBuiltinFunctions(t *testing.T) {
 		case int:
 			testIntegerObject(t, evaluated, int64(expected))
 		case string:
+			testStringObject(t, evaluated, expected)
+		case error:
 			errObj, ok := evaluated.(*object.Error)
 			if !ok {
 				t.Errorf("object is not Error. got=%T (%+v)",
 					evaluated, evaluated)
 				continue
 			}
-			if errObj.Message != expected {
+			if errObj.Message != expected.Error() {
 				t.Errorf("wrong error message. expected=%q, got=%q",
 					expected, errObj.Message)
 			}
@@ -541,6 +549,31 @@ func TestHashIndexExpressions(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestWhileExpressions(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		input    string
+		expected interface{}
+	}{
+		{"while (false) { }", nil},
+		{"let n = 0; while (n < 10) { let n = n + 1 }; n", 10},
+		{"let n = 10; while (n > 0) { let n = n - 1 }; n", 0},
+		// FIXME: let is an expression statement and bind new values
+		//        there is currently no assignment expressions :/
+		{"let n = 0; while (n < 10) { let n = n + 1 }", nil},
+		{"let n = 10; while (n > 0) { let n = n - 1 }", nil},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		evaluated := testEval(tt.input)
+		integer, ok := tt.expected.(int)
+		if ok {
+			testIntegerObject(t, evaluated, int64(integer))
+		} else {
+			testNullObject(t, evaluated)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func testEval(input string) object.Object {
 	l := lexer.New(input)
 	p := parser.New(l)
@@ -585,3 +618,32 @@ func testNullObject(t *testing.T, obj object.Object) bool {
 	}
 	return true
 }
+
+func testStringObject(t *testing.T, obj object.Object, expected string) bool {
+	result, ok := obj.(*object.String)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Errorf("object is not String. got=%T (%+v)", obj, obj)
+		return false
+	}
+	if result.Value != expected {
+		t.Errorf("object has wrong value. got=%s, want=%s",
+			result.Value, expected)
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func TestExamples(t *testing.T) {
+	matches, err := filepath.Glob("../examples/*.monkey")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+
+	for _, match := range matches {
+		b, err := os.ReadFile(match)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Error(err)
+		}
+		testEval(string(b))
+	}
+}

examples/demo.monkey

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ let book = {
 let printBookName = fn(book) {
     let title = book["title"];
     let author = book["author"];
-    puts(author + " - " + title);
+    print(author + " - " + title);
 };
 
 printBookName(book);

examples/fib.monkey

@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ let fib = fn(x) {
   return fib(x-1) + fib(x-2)
 }
 
-puts(fib(35))
+print(fib(35))

examples/fibt.monkey

@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ let fib = fn(n, a, b) {
   return fib(n - 1, b, a + b)
 }
 
-puts(fib(35, 0, 1))
+print(fib(35, 0, 1))

examples/input.monkey

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+let name = input("What is your name? ")
+
+print("Hello " + name)

main.go

@@ -3,73 +3,90 @@ package main
 import (
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
-	"time"
+	"io/ioutil"
-
+	"log"
 	"monkey/compiler"
-	"monkey/evaluator"
 	"monkey/lexer"
-	"monkey/object"
 	"monkey/parser"
-	"monkey/vm"
+	"monkey/repl"
+	"os"
+	"os/user"
+	"path"
 )
 
-var engine = flag.String("engine", "vm", "use 'vm' or 'eval'")
+var (
+	engine      string
+	interactive bool
+	compile     bool
+	version     bool
+	debug       bool
+)
 
-var input = `
+func init() {
-let fibonacci = fn(x) {
+	flag.Usage = func() {
-  if (x == 0) {
+		fmt.Fprintf(flag.CommandLine.Output(), "Usage: %s [options] [<filename>]\n", path.Base(os.Args[0]))
-    0
+		flag.PrintDefaults()
-  } else {
+		os.Exit(0)
-    if (x == 1) {
+	}
-      return 1;
+
-    } else {
+	flag.BoolVar(&version, "v", false, "display version information")
-      fibonacci(x - 1) + fibonacci(x - 2);
+	flag.BoolVar(&debug, "d", false, "enable debug mode")
-    }
+	flag.BoolVar(&compile, "c", false, "compile input to bytecode")
-  }
+
-};
+	flag.BoolVar(&interactive, "i", false, "enable interactive mode")
-fibonacci(35);
+	flag.StringVar(&engine, "e", "vm", "engine to use (eval or vm)")
-`
+}
 
 func main() {
 	flag.Parse()
 
-	var duration time.Duration
+	if version {
-	var result object.Object
+		fmt.Printf("%s %s", path.Base(os.Args[0]), FullVersion())
-
+		os.Exit(0)
-	l := lexer.New(input)
-	p := parser.New(l)
-	program := p.ParseProgram()
-
-	if *engine == "vm" {
-		comp := compiler.New()
-		err := comp.Compile(program)
-		if err != nil {
-			fmt.Printf("compiler error: %s", err)
-			return
-		}
-
-		machine := vm.New(comp.Bytecode())
-
-		start := time.Now()
-
-		err = machine.Run()
-		if err != nil {
-			fmt.Printf("vm error: %s", err)
-			return
-		}
-
-		duration = time.Since(start)
-		result = machine.LastPoppedStackElem()
-	} else {
-		env := object.NewEnvironment()
-		start := time.Now()
-		result = evaluator.Eval(program, env)
-		duration = time.Since(start)
 	}
 
-	fmt.Printf(
+	user, err := user.Current()
-		"engine=%s, result=%s, duration=%s\n",
+	if err != nil {
-		*engine,
+		log.Fatalf("could not determine current user: %s", err)
-		result.Inspect(),
+	}
-		duration)
+
+	args := flag.Args()
+
+	if compile {
+		if len(args) < 1 {
+			log.Fatal("no source file given to compile")
+		}
+		f, err := os.Open(args[0])
+		defer f.Close()
+
+		b, err := ioutil.ReadAll(f)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		l := lexer.New(string(b))
+		p := parser.New(l)
+
+		program := p.ParseProgram()
+		if len(p.Errors()) != 0 {
+			log.Fatal(p.Errors())
+		}
+
+		c := compiler.New()
+		err = c.Compile(program)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		code := c.Bytecode()
+		fmt.Printf("%s\n", code.Instructions)
+	} else {
+		opts := &repl.Options{
+			Debug:       debug,
+			Engine:      engine,
+			Interactive: interactive,
+		}
+		repl := repl.New(user.Username, args, opts)
+		repl.Run()
+	}
 }

object/builtins.go

@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 package object
 
-import "fmt"
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+)
 
 var Builtins = []struct {
 	Name    string
@@ -18,7 +24,7 @@ var Builtins = []struct {
 			case *Array:
 				return &Integer{Value: int64(len(arg.Elements))}
 			case *String:
-				return &Integer{Value: int64(len(arg.Value))}
+				return &Integer{Value: int64(utf8.RuneCountInString(arg.Value))}
 			default:
 				return newError("argument to `len` not supported, got %s",
 					args[0].Type())
@@ -27,7 +33,30 @@ var Builtins = []struct {
 		},
 	},
 	{
-		"puts",
+		"input",
+		&Builtin{Fn: func(args ...Object) Object {
+			if len(args) > 0 {
+				obj, ok := args[0].(*String)
+				if !ok {
+					return newError(
+						"argument to `input` not supported, got %s",
+						args[0].Type(),
+					)
+				}
+				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stdout, obj.Value)
+			}
+
+			buffer := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
+
+			line, _, err := buffer.ReadLine()
+			if err != nil && err != io.EOF {
+				return newError(fmt.Sprintf("error reading input from stdin: %s", err))
+			}
+			return &String{Value: string(line)}
+		}},
+	},
+	{
+		"print",
 		&Builtin{Fn: func(args ...Object) Object {
 			for _, arg := range args {
 				fmt.Println(arg.Inspect())
@@ -123,6 +152,48 @@ var Builtins = []struct {
 		},
 		},
 	},
+	{
+		"pop",
+		&Builtin{Fn: func(args ...Object) Object {
+			if len(args) != 1 {
+				return newError("wrong number of arguments. got=%d, want=1",
+					len(args))
+			}
+			if args[0].Type() != ARRAY_OBJ {
+				return newError("argument to `pop` must be ARRAY, got %s",
+					args[0].Type())
+			}
+
+			arr := args[0].(*Array)
+			length := len(arr.Elements)
+
+			if length == 0 {
+				return newError("cannot pop from an empty array")
+			}
+
+			element := arr.Elements[length-1]
+			arr.Elements = arr.Elements[:length-1]
+
+			return element
+		},
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		"exit",
+		&Builtin{Fn: func(args ...Object) Object {
+			if len(args) == 1 {
+				if args[0].Type() != INTEGER_OBJ {
+					return newError("argument to `exit` must be INTEGER, got %s",
+						args[0].Type())
+				}
+				os.Exit(int(args[0].(*Integer).Value))
+			} else {
+				os.Exit(0)
+			}
+			return nil
+		},
+		},
+	},
 }
 
 func newError(format string, a ...interface{}) *Error {

parser/parser.go

@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ func New(l *lexer.Lexer) *Parser {
 	p.registerPrefix(token.LPAREN, p.parseGroupedExpression)
 	p.registerPrefix(token.IF, p.parseIfExpression)
 	p.registerPrefix(token.FUNCTION, p.parseFunctionLiteral)
+	p.registerPrefix(token.WHILE, p.parseWhileExpression)
 	p.registerPrefix(token.STRING, p.parseStringLiteral)
 	p.registerPrefix(token.LBRACKET, p.parseArrayLiteral)
 	p.registerPrefix(token.LBRACE, p.parseHashLiteral)
@@ -492,3 +493,26 @@ func (p *Parser) parseHashLiteral() ast.Expression {
 
 	return hash
 }
+
+func (p *Parser) parseWhileExpression() ast.Expression {
+	expression := &ast.WhileExpression{Token: p.curToken}
+
+	if !p.expectPeek(token.LPAREN) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	p.nextToken()
+	expression.Condition = p.parseExpression(LOWEST)
+
+	if !p.expectPeek(token.RPAREN) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if !p.expectPeek(token.LBRACE) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	expression.Consequence = p.parseBlockStatement()
+
+	return expression
+}

parser/parser_test.go

@@ -876,6 +876,51 @@ func TestFunctionLiteralWithName(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestWhileExpression(t *testing.T) {
+	input := `while (x < y) { x }`
+
+	l := lexer.New(input)
+	p := New(l)
+	program := p.ParseProgram()
+	checkParserErrors(t, p)
+
+	if len(program.Statements) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("program.Statements does not contain %d statements. got=%d\n",
+			1, len(program.Statements))
+	}
+
+	stmt, ok := program.Statements[0].(*ast.ExpressionStatement)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("program.Statements[0] is not ast.ExpressionStatement. got=%T",
+			program.Statements[0])
+	}
+
+	exp, ok := stmt.Expression.(*ast.WhileExpression)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("stmt.Expression is not ast.WhileExpression. got=%T",
+			stmt.Expression)
+	}
+
+	if !testInfixExpression(t, exp.Condition, "x", "<", "y") {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if len(exp.Consequence.Statements) != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("consequence is not 1 statements. got=%d\n",
+			len(exp.Consequence.Statements))
+	}
+
+	consequence, ok := exp.Consequence.Statements[0].(*ast.ExpressionStatement)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("Statements[0] is not ast.ExpressionStatement. got=%T",
+			exp.Consequence.Statements[0])
+	}
+
+	if !testIdentifier(t, consequence.Expression, "x") {
+		return
+	}
+}
+
 func testLetStatement(t *testing.T, s ast.Statement, name string) bool {
 	if s.TokenLiteral() != "let" {
 		t.Errorf("s.TokenLiteral not 'let'. got=%q", s.TokenLiteral())

repl/repl.go

@@ -1,69 +1,29 @@
 package repl
 
+// Package repl implements the Read-Eval-Print-Loop or interactive console
+// by lexing, parsing and evaluating the input in the interpreter
+
 import (
 	"bufio"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"log"
 	"monkey/compiler"
+	"monkey/evaluator"
 	"monkey/lexer"
 	"monkey/object"
 	"monkey/parser"
 	"monkey/vm"
+	"os"
 )
 
+// PROMPT is the REPL prompt displayed for each input
 const PROMPT = ">> "
 
-func Start(in io.Reader, out io.Writer) {
+// MonkeyFace is the REPL's face of shock and horror when you encounter a
-	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(in)
+// parser error :D
-
+const MonkeyFace = `            __,__
-	constants := []object.Object{}
-	globals := make([]object.Object, vm.GlobalsSize)
-	symbolTable := compiler.NewSymbolTable()
-	for i, v := range object.Builtins {
-		symbolTable.DefineBuiltin(i, v.Name)
-	}
-
-	for {
-		fmt.Fprintf(out, PROMPT)
-		scanned := scanner.Scan()
-		if !scanned {
-			return
-		}
-
-		line := scanner.Text()
-		l := lexer.New(line)
-		p := parser.New(l)
-
-		program := p.ParseProgram()
-		if len(p.Errors()) != 0 {
-			printParserErrors(out, p.Errors())
-			continue
-		}
-
-		comp := compiler.NewWithState(symbolTable, constants)
-		err := comp.Compile(program)
-		if err != nil {
-			fmt.Fprintf(out, "Woops! Compilation failed:\n %s\n", err)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		code := comp.Bytecode()
-		constants = code.Constants
-
-		machine := vm.NewWithGlobalState(comp.Bytecode(), globals)
-		err = machine.Run()
-		if err != nil {
-			fmt.Fprintf(out, "Woops! Executing bytecode failed:\n %s\n", err)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		stackTop := machine.LastPoppedStackElem()
-		io.WriteString(out, stackTop.Inspect())
-		io.WriteString(out, "\n")
-	}
-}
-
-const MONKEY_FACE = `            __,__
    .--.  .-"     "-.  .--.
   / .. \/  .-. .-.  \/ .. \
  | |  '|  /   Y   \  |'  | |
@@ -76,11 +36,222 @@ const MONKEY_FACE = `            __,__
            '-----'
 `
 
+type Options struct {
+	Debug       bool
+	Engine      string
+	Interactive bool
+}
+
+type VMState struct {
+	constants []object.Object
+	globals   []object.Object
+	symbols   *compiler.SymbolTable
+}
+
+func NewVMState() *VMState {
+	symbolTable := compiler.NewSymbolTable()
+	for i, v := range object.Builtins {
+		symbolTable.DefineBuiltin(i, v.Name)
+	}
+
+	return &VMState{
+		constants: []object.Object{},
+		globals:   make([]object.Object, vm.GlobalsSize),
+		symbols:   symbolTable,
+	}
+}
+
+type REPL struct {
+	user string
+	args []string
+	opts *Options
+}
+
+func New(user string, args []string, opts *Options) *REPL {
+	return &REPL{user, args, opts}
+}
+
+// Eval parses and evalulates the program given by f and returns the resulting
+// environment, any errors are printed to stderr
+func (r *REPL) Eval(f io.Reader) (env *object.Environment) {
+	env = object.NewEnvironment()
+
+	b, err := ioutil.ReadAll(f)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "error reading source file: %s", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	l := lexer.New(string(b))
+	p := parser.New(l)
+
+	program := p.ParseProgram()
+	if len(p.Errors()) != 0 {
+		printParserErrors(os.Stderr, p.Errors())
+		return
+	}
+
+	evaluator.Eval(program, env)
+	return
+}
+
+// Exec parses, compiles and executes the program given by f and returns
+// the resulting virtual machine, any errors are printed to stderr
+func (r *REPL) Exec(f io.Reader) (state *VMState) {
+	b, err := ioutil.ReadAll(f)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "error reading source file: %s", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	state = NewVMState()
+
+	l := lexer.New(string(b))
+	p := parser.New(l)
+
+	program := p.ParseProgram()
+	if len(p.Errors()) != 0 {
+		printParserErrors(os.Stderr, p.Errors())
+		return
+	}
+
+	c := compiler.NewWithState(state.symbols, state.constants)
+	err = c.Compile(program)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Woops! Compilation failed:\n %s\n", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	code := c.Bytecode()
+	state.constants = code.Constants
+
+	machine := vm.NewWithGlobalState(code, state.globals)
+	err = machine.Run()
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Woops! Executing bytecode failed:\n %s\n", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+// StartEvalLoop starts the REPL in a continious eval loop
+func (r *REPL) StartEvalLoop(in io.Reader, out io.Writer, env *object.Environment) {
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(in)
+
+	if env == nil {
+		env = object.NewEnvironment()
+	}
+
+	for {
+		fmt.Printf(PROMPT)
+		scanned := scanner.Scan()
+		if !scanned {
+			return
+		}
+
+		line := scanner.Text()
+
+		l := lexer.New(line)
+		p := parser.New(l)
+
+		program := p.ParseProgram()
+		if len(p.Errors()) != 0 {
+			printParserErrors(out, p.Errors())
+			continue
+		}
+
+		obj := evaluator.Eval(program, env)
+		if obj != nil {
+			io.WriteString(out, obj.Inspect())
+			io.WriteString(out, "\n")
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// StartExecLoop starts the REPL in a continious exec loop
+func (r *REPL) StartExecLoop(in io.Reader, out io.Writer, state *VMState) {
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(in)
+
+	if state == nil {
+		state = NewVMState()
+	}
+
+	for {
+		fmt.Printf(PROMPT)
+		scanned := scanner.Scan()
+		if !scanned {
+			return
+		}
+
+		line := scanner.Text()
+
+		l := lexer.New(line)
+		p := parser.New(l)
+
+		program := p.ParseProgram()
+		if len(p.Errors()) != 0 {
+			printParserErrors(out, p.Errors())
+			continue
+		}
+
+		c := compiler.NewWithState(state.symbols, state.constants)
+		err := c.Compile(program)
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Woops! Compilation failed:\n %s\n", err)
+			return
+		}
+
+		code := c.Bytecode()
+		state.constants = code.Constants
+
+		machine := vm.NewWithGlobalState(code, state.globals)
+		err = machine.Run()
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Woops! Executing bytecode failed:\n %s\n", err)
+			return
+		}
+
+		stackTop := machine.LastPoppedStackElem()
+		io.WriteString(out, stackTop.Inspect())
+		io.WriteString(out, "\n")
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *REPL) Run() {
+	if len(r.args) == 1 {
+		f, err := os.Open(r.args[0])
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("could not open source file %s: %s", r.args[0], err)
+		}
+
+		if r.opts.Engine == "eval" {
+			env := r.Eval(f)
+			if r.opts.Interactive {
+				r.StartEvalLoop(os.Stdin, os.Stdout, env)
+			}
+		} else {
+			state := r.Exec(f)
+			if r.opts.Interactive {
+				r.StartExecLoop(os.Stdin, os.Stdout, state)
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		fmt.Printf("Hello %s! This is the Monkey programming language!\n", r.user)
+		fmt.Printf("Feel free to type in commands\n")
+		if r.opts.Engine == "eval" {
+			r.StartEvalLoop(os.Stdin, os.Stdout, nil)
+		} else {
+			r.StartExecLoop(os.Stdin, os.Stdout, nil)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func printParserErrors(out io.Writer, errors []string) {
-	io.WriteString(out, MONKEY_FACE)
+	io.WriteString(out, MonkeyFace)
 	io.WriteString(out, "Woops! We ran into some monkey business here!\n")
 	io.WriteString(out, " parser errors:\n")
 	for _, msg := range errors {
-		io.WriteString(out, "\t"+msg+"\t")
+		io.WriteString(out, "\t"+msg+"\n")
 	}
 }

token/token.go

@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ const (
 	IF       = "IF"
 	ELSE     = "ELSE"
 	RETURN   = "RETURN"
+	WHILE    = "WHILE"
 )
 
 var keywords = map[string]TokenType{
@@ -60,6 +61,7 @@ var keywords = map[string]TokenType{
 	"if":     IF,
 	"else":   ELSE,
 	"return": RETURN,
+	"while":  WHILE,
 }
 
 func LookupIdent(ident string) TokenType {

version.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+)
+
+var (
+	// Version release version
+	Version = "0.0.1"
+
+	// GitCommit will be overwritten automatically by the build system
+	GitCommit = "HEAD"
+)
+
+// FullVersion returns the full version and commit hash
+func FullVersion() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s@%s", Version, GitCommit)
+}

vim/monkey.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+" Vim Syntax File
+" Language:     monkey
+" Creator:      James Mills, prologic at shortcircuit dot net dot au
+" Last Change:  31st January 2019
+
+if version < 600
+    syntax clear
+elseif exists("b:current_syntax")
+    finish
+endif
+
+syntax case match
+
+syntax keyword xType true false
+
+syntax keyword xKeyword let fn if else return while
+
+syntax keyword xFunction len input print first last rest push pop exit
+
+syntax keyword xOperator == != < > !
+syntax keyword xOperator + - * /
+
+syntax region xString start=/"/ skip=/\\./ end=/"/
+
+" syntax region xComment start='#' end='$' keepend
+
+highlight link xType Type
+highlight link xKeyword Keyword
+highlight link xFunction Function
+highlight link xString String
+" highlight link xComment Comment
+highlight link xOperator Operator
+highlight Operator ctermfg=5
+
+let b:current_syntax = "monkey"

vm/vm_test.go

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ import (
 	"monkey/lexer"
 	"monkey/object"
 	"monkey/parser"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
 )
 
@@ -597,7 +599,7 @@ func TestBuiltinFunctions(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{`len([1, 2, 3])`, 3},
 		{`len([])`, 0},
-		{`puts("hello", "world!")`, Null},
+		{`print("hello", "world!")`, Null},
 		{`first([1, 2, 3])`, 1},
 		{`first([])`, Null},
 		{`first(1)`,
@@ -620,6 +622,12 @@ func TestBuiltinFunctions(t *testing.T) {
 				Message: "argument to `push` must be ARRAY, got INTEGER",
 			},
 		},
+		{`input()`, ""},
+		{`pop([])`, &object.Error{
+			Message: "cannot pop from an empty array",
+		},
+		},
+		{`pop([1])`, 1},
 	}
 
 	runVmTests(t, tests)
@@ -779,3 +787,49 @@ func TestRecursiveFibonacci(t *testing.T) {
 
 	runVmTests(t, tests)
 }
+
+func TestIterations(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []vmTestCase{
+		{"while (false) { }", nil},
+		{"let n = 0; while (n < 10) { let n = n + 1 }; n", 10},
+		{"let n = 10; while (n > 0) { let n = n - 1 }; n", 0},
+		// FIXME: let is an expression statement and bind new values
+		//        there is currently no assignment expressions :/
+		{"let n = 0; while (n < 10) { let n = n + 1 }", nil},
+		{"let n = 10; while (n > 0) { let n = n - 1 }", nil},
+	}
+
+	runVmTests(t, tests)
+}
+
+func TestExamples(t *testing.T) {
+	matches, err := filepath.Glob("../examples/*.monkey")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+
+	for _, match := range matches {
+		b, err := os.ReadFile(match)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Error(err)
+		}
+
+		input := string(b)
+		program := parse(input)
+
+		c := compiler.New()
+		err = c.Compile(program)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Log(input)
+			t.Fatalf("compiler error: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		vm := New(c.Bytecode())
+
+		err = vm.Run()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Log(input)
+			t.Fatalf("vm error: %s", err)
+		}
+	}
+}