initial monkey lexer

.gitignore

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+### JetBrains+all template
+# Covers JetBrains IDEs: IntelliJ, RubyMine, PhpStorm, AppCode, PyCharm, CLion, Android Studio, WebStorm and Rider
+# Reference: https://intellij-support.jetbrains.com/hc/en-us/articles/206544839
+
+# User-specific stuff
+.idea/**/workspace.xml
+.idea/**/tasks.xml
+.idea/**/usage.statistics.xml
+.idea/**/dictionaries
+.idea/**/shelf
+
+# AWS User-specific
+.idea/**/aws.xml
+
+# Generated files
+.idea/**/contentModel.xml
+
+# Sensitive or high-churn files
+.idea/**/dataSources/
+.idea/**/dataSources.ids
+.idea/**/dataSources.local.xml
+.idea/**/sqlDataSources.xml
+.idea/**/dynamic.xml
+.idea/**/uiDesigner.xml
+.idea/**/dbnavigator.xml
+
+# Gradle
+.idea/**/gradle.xml
+.idea/**/libraries
+
+# Gradle and Maven with auto-import
+# When using Gradle or Maven with auto-import, you should exclude module files,
+# since they will be recreated, and may cause churn.  Uncomment if using
+# auto-import.
+# .idea/artifacts
+# .idea/compiler.xml
+# .idea/jarRepositories.xml
+# .idea/modules.xml
+# .idea/*.iml
+# .idea/modules
+# *.iml
+# *.ipr
+
+# CMake
+cmake-build-*/
+
+# Mongo Explorer plugin
+.idea/**/mongoSettings.xml
+
+# File-based project format
+*.iws
+
+# IntelliJ
+out/
+
+# mpeltonen/sbt-idea plugin
+.idea_modules/
+
+# JIRA plugin
+atlassian-ide-plugin.xml
+
+# Cursive Clojure plugin
+.idea/replstate.xml
+
+# SonarLint plugin
+.idea/sonarlint/
+
+# Crashlytics plugin (for Android Studio and IntelliJ)
+com_crashlytics_export_strings.xml
+crashlytics.properties
+crashlytics-build.properties
+fabric.properties
+
+# Editor-based Rest Client
+.idea/httpRequests
+
+# Android studio 3.1+ serialized cache file
+.idea/caches/build_file_checksums.ser

.idea/.gitignore

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+# Default ignored files
+/shelf/
+/workspace.xml
+# Editor-based HTTP Client requests
+/httpRequests/
+# Datasource local storage ignored files
+/dataSources/
+/dataSources.local.xml

.idea/modules.xml

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="ProjectModuleManager">
+    <modules>
+      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/monkey.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/monkey.iml" />
+    </modules>
+  </component>
+</project>

.idea/monkey.iml

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<module type="WEB_MODULE" version="4">
+  <component name="Go" enabled="true" />
+  <component name="NewModuleRootManager">
+    <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$" />
+    <orderEntry type="inheritedJdk" />
+    <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
+  </component>
+</module>

go.mod

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+module monkey
+
+go 1.21

lexer/lexer.go

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+package lexer
+
+import "monkey/token"
+
+type Lexer struct {
+	input        string
+	position     int  // current position in input (point to current char)
+	readPosition int  // current reading position in input (after current char)
+	ch           byte // current char under exclamation
+}
+
+func New(input string) *Lexer {
+	l := &Lexer{input: input}
+	l.readChar()
+	return l
+}
+
+func (l *Lexer) readChar() {
+	if l.readPosition >= len(l.input) {
+		l.ch = 0
+	} else {
+		l.ch = l.input[l.readPosition]
+	}
+	l.position = l.readPosition
+	l.readPosition += 1
+}
+
+func (l *Lexer) NextToken() token.Token {
+	var tok token.Token
+
+	l.skipWhitespace()
+
+	switch l.ch {
+	case '=':
+		tok = newToken(token.ASSIGN, l.ch)
+	case ';':
+		tok = newToken(token.SEMICOLON, l.ch)
+	case '(':
+		tok = newToken(token.LPAREN, l.ch)
+	case ')':
+		tok = newToken(token.RPAREN, l.ch)
+	case ',':
+		tok = newToken(token.COMMA, l.ch)
+	case '+':
+		tok = newToken(token.PLUS, l.ch)
+	case '{':
+		tok = newToken(token.LBRACE, l.ch)
+	case '}':
+		tok = newToken(token.RBRACE, l.ch)
+	case 0:
+		tok.Literal = ""
+		tok.Type = token.EOF
+	default:
+		if isLetter(l.ch) {
+			tok.Literal = l.readIdentifier()
+			tok.Type = token.LookupIdent(tok.Literal)
+			return tok
+		} else if isDigit(l.ch) {
+			tok.Type = token.INT
+			tok.Literal = l.readNumber()
+			return tok
+		} else {
+			tok = newToken(token.ILLEGAL, l.ch)
+		}
+	}
+
+	l.readChar()
+	return tok
+}
+
+func newToken(tokenType token.TokenType, ch byte) token.Token {
+	return token.Token{
+		Type:    tokenType,
+		Literal: string(ch),
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *Lexer) readIdentifier() string {
+	position := l.position
+	for isLetter(l.ch) {
+		l.readChar()
+	}
+	return l.input[position:l.position]
+}
+
+func (l *Lexer) readNumber() string {
+	position := l.position
+	for isDigit(l.ch) {
+		l.readChar()
+	}
+	return l.input[position:l.position]
+}
+
+func isLetter(ch byte) bool {
+	return 'a' <= ch && ch <= 'z' || 'A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z' || ch == '_'
+}
+
+func isDigit(ch byte) bool {
+	return '0' <= ch && ch <= '9'
+}
+
+func (l *Lexer) skipWhitespace() {
+	for l.ch == ' ' || l.ch == '\t' || l.ch == '\n' || l.ch == '\r' {
+		l.readChar()
+	}
+}

lexer/lexer_test.go

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+package lexer
+
+import (
+	"monkey/token"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestNextToken(t *testing.T) {
+	input := `let five = 5;
+let ten = 10;
+
+let add = fn(x, y) {
+  x + y;
+};
+
+let result = add(five, ten);
+`
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		expectedType    token.TokenType
+		expectedLiteral string
+	}{
+		{token.LET, "let"},
+		{token.IDENT, "five"},
+		{token.ASSIGN, "="},
+		{token.INT, "5"},
+		{token.SEMICOLON, ";"},
+		{token.LET, "let"},
+		{token.IDENT, "ten"},
+		{token.ASSIGN, "="},
+		{token.INT, "10"},
+		{token.SEMICOLON, ";"},
+		{token.LET, "let"},
+		{token.IDENT, "add"},
+		{token.ASSIGN, "="},
+		{token.FUNCTION, "fn"},
+		{token.LPAREN, "("},
+		{token.IDENT, "x"},
+		{token.COMMA, ","},
+		{token.IDENT, "y"},
+		{token.RPAREN, ")"},
+		{token.LBRACE, "{"},
+		{token.IDENT, "x"},
+		{token.PLUS, "+"},
+		{token.IDENT, "y"},
+		{token.SEMICOLON, ";"},
+		{token.RBRACE, "}"},
+		{token.SEMICOLON, ";"},
+		{token.LET, "let"},
+		{token.IDENT, "result"},
+		{token.ASSIGN, "="},
+		{token.IDENT, "add"},
+		{token.LPAREN, "("},
+		{token.IDENT, "five"},
+		{token.COMMA, ","},
+		{token.IDENT, "ten"},
+		{token.RPAREN, ")"},
+		{token.SEMICOLON, ";"},
+		{token.EOF, ""},
+	}
+
+	l := New(input)
+
+	for i, tt := range tests {
+		tok := l.NextToken()
+
+		if tok.Type != tt.expectedType {
+			t.Fatalf("tests[%d] - tokentype wrong. expected=%q, got=%q",
+				i, tt.expectedType, tok.Type)
+		}
+
+		if tok.Literal != tt.expectedLiteral {
+			t.Fatalf("tests[%d] - literal wrong. expected=%q, got=%q",
+				i, tt.expectedLiteral, tok.Literal)
+		}
+	}
+}

token/token.go

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+package token
+
+type TokenType string
+
+type Token struct {
+	Type    TokenType
+	Literal string
+}
+
+const (
+	ILLEGAL = "ILLEGAL"
+	EOF     = "EOF"
+
+	// Identifiers + literals
+	IDENT = "IDENT" // add, foobar, x, y
+	INT   = "INT"   // 123456
+
+	// Operators
+	ASSIGN = "="
+	PLUS   = "+"
+
+	// Delimiters
+	COMMA     = ","
+	SEMICOLON = ";"
+
+	LPAREN = "("
+	RPAREN = ")"
+	LBRACE = "{"
+	RBRACE = "}"
+
+	// Keywords
+	FUNCTION = "FUNCTION"
+	LET      = "LET"
+)
+
+var keywords = map[string]TokenType{
+	"fn":  FUNCTION,
+	"let": LET,
+}
+
+func LookupIdent(ident string) TokenType {
+	if tok, ok := keywords[ident]; ok {
+		return tok
+	}
+	return IDENT
+}