monkey/internal/evaluator/evaluator.go

package evaluator

import (
	"fmt"
	"monkey/internal/ast"
	"monkey/internal/builtins"
	"monkey/internal/lexer"
	"monkey/internal/object"
	"monkey/internal/parser"
	"monkey/internal/utils"
	"os"
	"strings"
)

var (
	NULL  = object.Null{}
	TRUE  = object.Boolean{Value: true}
	FALSE = object.Boolean{Value: false}
)

func isError(obj object.Object) bool {
	if obj != nil {
		return obj.Type() == object.ErrorType
	}
	return false
}

func Eval(node ast.Node, env *object.Environment) object.Object {
	switch node := node.(type) {

	// Statements
	case *ast.Program:
		return evalProgram(node, env)

	case *ast.ExpressionStatement:
		return Eval(node.Expression, env)

	case *ast.BlockStatement:
		return evalBlockStatements(node, env)

	case *ast.IfExpression:
		return evalIfExpression(node, env)

	case *ast.WhileExpression:
		return evalWhileExpression(node, env)

	case *ast.ImportExpression:
		return evalImportExpression(node, env)

	case *ast.ReturnStatement:
		val := Eval(node.ReturnValue, env)
		if isError(val) {
			return val
		}
		return object.ReturnValue{Value: val}

	case *ast.BindExpression:
		value := Eval(node.Value, env)
		if isError(value) {
			return value
		}

		if ident, ok := node.Left.(*ast.Identifier); ok {
			if immutable, ok := value.(object.Immutable); ok {
				env.Set(ident.Value, immutable.Clone())
			} else {
				env.Set(ident.Value, value)
			}

			return NULL
		}
		return newError("expected identifier on left got=%T", node.Left)

	case *ast.AssignmentExpression:
		left := Eval(node.Left, env)
		if isError(left) {
			return left
		}

		value := Eval(node.Value, env)
		if isError(value) {
			return value
		}

		if ident, ok := node.Left.(*ast.Identifier); ok {
			env.Set(ident.Value, value)
		} else if ie, ok := node.Left.(*ast.IndexExpression); ok {
			obj := Eval(ie.Left, env)
			if isError(obj) {
				return obj
			}

			if array, ok := obj.(*object.Array); ok {
				index := Eval(ie.Index, env)
				if isError(index) {
					return index
				}
				if idx, ok := index.(object.Integer); ok {
					array.Elements[idx.Value] = value
				} else {
					return newError("cannot index array with %#v", index)
				}
			} else if hash, ok := obj.(*object.Hash); ok {
				key := Eval(ie.Index, env)
				if isError(key) {
					return key
				}
				if hashKey, ok := key.(object.Hashable); ok {
					hashed := hashKey.HashKey()
					hash.Pairs[hashed] = object.HashPair{Key: key, Value: value}
				} else {
					return newError("cannot index hash with %T", key)
				}
			} else {
				return newError("object type %T does not support item assignment", obj)
			}
		} else {
			return newError("expected identifier or index expression got=%T", left)
		}

		return NULL

	case *ast.Identifier:
		return evalIdentifier(node, env)

	case *ast.FunctionLiteral:
		params := node.Parameters
		body := node.Body
		return &object.Function{Parameters: params, Env: env, Body: body}

	// Expressions
	case *ast.IntegerLiteral:
		return object.Integer{Value: node.Value}

	case *ast.Boolean:
		return nativeBoolToBooleanObject(node.Value)

	case *ast.Null:
		return NULL

	case *ast.PrefixExpression:
		right := Eval(node.Right, env)
		if isError(right) {
			return right
		}
		return evalPrefixExpression(node.Operator, right)

	case *ast.InfixExpression:
		left := Eval(node.Left, env)
		if isError(left) {
			return left
		}
		right := Eval(node.Right, env)
		if isError(right) {
			return right
		}
		return evalInfixExpression(node.Operator, left, right)

	case *ast.CallExpression:
		function := Eval(node.Function, env)
		if isError(function) {
			return function
		}
		args := evalExpressions(node.Arguments, env)
		if len(args) == 1 && isError(args[0]) {
			return args[0]
		}

		return applyFunction(function, args)

	case *ast.StringLiteral:
		return object.String{Value: node.Value}

	case *ast.ArrayLiteral:
		elements := evalExpressions(node.Elements, env)
		if len(elements) == 1 && isError(elements[0]) {
			return elements[0]
		}
		return &object.Array{Elements: elements}

	case *ast.IndexExpression:
		left := Eval(node.Left, env)
		if isError(left) {
			return left
		}
		index := Eval(node.Index, env)
		if isError(index) {
			return index
		}
		return evalIndexExpression(left, index)

	case *ast.HashLiteral:
		return evalHashLiteral(node, env)

	}

	return nil
}

func evalImportExpression(ie *ast.ImportExpression, env *object.Environment) object.Object {
	name := Eval(ie.Name, env)
	if isError(name) {
		return name
	}

	if s, ok := name.(object.String); ok {
		attrs := EvalModule(s.Value)
		if isError(attrs) {
			return attrs
		}
		return object.Module{Name: s.Value, Attrs: attrs}
	}
	return newError("ImportError: invalid import path '%s'", name)
}

func evalWhileExpression(we *ast.WhileExpression, env *object.Environment) object.Object {
	var result object.Object

	for {
		condition := Eval(we.Condition, env)
		if isError(condition) {
			return condition
		}

		if isTruthy(condition) {
			result = Eval(we.Consequence, env)
		} else {
			break
		}
	}

	if result != nil {
		return result
	}

	return NULL
}

func evalProgram(program *ast.Program, env *object.Environment) object.Object {
	var result object.Object

	for _, statement := range program.Statements {
		result = Eval(statement, env)

		switch result := result.(type) {
		case object.ReturnValue:
			return result.Value
		case object.Error:
			return result
		}

	}

	return result
}

func evalBlockStatements(block *ast.BlockStatement, env *object.Environment) object.Object {
	var result object.Object

	for _, statement := range block.Statements {
		result = Eval(statement, env)

		if result != nil {
			rt := result.Type()
			if rt == object.ReturnType || rt == object.ErrorType {
				return result
			}
		}
	}

	return result
}

func nativeBoolToBooleanObject(input bool) object.Boolean {
	if input {
		return TRUE
	}
	return FALSE
}

func evalPrefixExpression(operator string, right object.Object) object.Object {
	switch operator {
	case "!":
		if right.Type() == object.BooleanType {
			return evalBooleanPrefixOperatorExpression(operator, right)
		}
		return evalIntegerPrefixOperatorExpression(operator, right)
	case "~", "-":
		return evalIntegerPrefixOperatorExpression(operator, right)
	default:
		return newError("unknown operator: %s%s", operator, right.Type())
	}
}

func evalBooleanPrefixOperatorExpression(operator string, right object.Object) object.Object {
	if right.Type() != object.BooleanType {
		return newError("unknown operator: %s%s", operator, right.Type())
	}

	switch right {
	case TRUE:
		return FALSE
	case FALSE:
		return TRUE
	case NULL:
		return TRUE
	default:
		return FALSE
	}
}

func evalIntegerPrefixOperatorExpression(operator string, right object.Object) object.Object {
	if right.Type() != object.IntegerType {
		return newError("unknown operator: -%s", right.Type())
	}

	value := right.(object.Integer).Value
	switch operator {
	case "!":
		return FALSE
	case "~":
		return object.Integer{Value: ^value}
	case "-":
		return object.Integer{Value: -value}
	default:
		return newError("unknown operator: %s", operator)
	}
}

func evalInfixExpression(operator string, left, right object.Object) object.Object {
	switch {

	// {"a": 1} + {"b": 2}
	case operator == "+" && left.Type() == object.HashType && right.Type() == object.HashType:
		leftVal := left.(*object.Hash).Pairs
		rightVal := right.(*object.Hash).Pairs
		pairs := make(map[object.HashKey]object.HashPair)
		for k, v := range leftVal {
			pairs[k] = v
		}
		for k, v := range rightVal {
			pairs[k] = v
		}
		return &object.Hash{Pairs: pairs}

	// [1] + [2]
	case operator == "+" && left.Type() == object.ArrayType && right.Type() == object.ArrayType:
		leftVal := left.(*object.Array).Elements
		rightVal := right.(*object.Array).Elements
		elements := make([]object.Object, len(leftVal)+len(rightVal))
		elements = append(leftVal, rightVal...)
		return &object.Array{Elements: elements}

	// [1] * 3
	case operator == "*" && left.Type() == object.ArrayType && right.Type() == object.IntegerType:
		leftVal := left.(*object.Array).Elements
		rightVal := int(right.(object.Integer).Value)
		elements := leftVal
		for i := rightVal; i > 1; i-- {
			elements = append(elements, leftVal...)
		}
		return &object.Array{Elements: elements}

	// 3 * [1]
	case operator == "*" && left.Type() == object.IntegerType && right.Type() == object.ArrayType:
		leftVal := int(left.(object.Integer).Value)
		rightVal := right.(*object.Array).Elements
		elements := rightVal
		for i := leftVal; i > 1; i-- {
			elements = append(elements, rightVal...)
		}
		return &object.Array{Elements: elements}

	// " " * 4
	case operator == "*" && left.Type() == object.StringType && right.Type() == object.IntegerType:
		leftVal := left.(object.String).Value
		rightVal := right.(object.Integer).Value
		return object.String{Value: strings.Repeat(leftVal, int(rightVal))}

	// 4 * " "
	case operator == "*" && left.Type() == object.IntegerType && right.Type() == object.StringType:
		leftVal := left.(object.Integer).Value
		rightVal := right.(object.String).Value
		return object.String{Value: strings.Repeat(rightVal, int(leftVal))}

	case operator == "==":
		return nativeBoolToBooleanObject(left.(object.Comparable).Compare(right) == 0)
	case operator == "!=":
		return nativeBoolToBooleanObject(left.(object.Comparable).Compare(right) != 0)
	case operator == "<=":
		return nativeBoolToBooleanObject(left.(object.Comparable).Compare(right) < 1)
	case operator == ">=":
		return nativeBoolToBooleanObject(left.(object.Comparable).Compare(right) > -1)
	case operator == "<":
		return nativeBoolToBooleanObject(left.(object.Comparable).Compare(right) == -1)
	case operator == ">":
		return nativeBoolToBooleanObject(left.(object.Comparable).Compare(right) == 1)

	case left.Type() == object.BooleanType && right.Type() == object.BooleanType:
		return evalBooleanInfixExpression(operator, left, right)
	case left.Type() == object.IntegerType && right.Type() == object.IntegerType:
		return evalIntegerInfixExpression(operator, left, right)
	case left.Type() == object.StringType && right.Type() == object.StringType:
		return evalStringInfixExpression(operator, left, right)

	default:
		return newError("unknown operator: %s %s %s", left.Type(), operator, right.Type())
	}
}

func evalBooleanInfixExpression(operator string, left, right object.Object) object.Object {
	leftVal := left.(object.Boolean).Value
	rightVal := right.(object.Boolean).Value

	switch operator {
	case "&&":
		return nativeBoolToBooleanObject(leftVal && rightVal)
	case "||":
		return nativeBoolToBooleanObject(leftVal || rightVal)
	default:
		return newError("unknown operator: %s %s %s", left.Type(), operator, right.Type())
	}
}

func evalStringInfixExpression(operator string, left object.Object, right object.Object) object.Object {
	leftVal := left.(object.String).Value
	rightVal := right.(object.String).Value

	switch operator {
	case "+":
		return object.String{Value: leftVal + rightVal}
	default:
		return newError("unknown operator: %s %s %s", left.Type(), operator, right.Type())
	}
}

func evalIntegerInfixExpression(operator string, left, right object.Object) object.Object {
	leftVal := left.(object.Integer).Value
	rightVal := right.(object.Integer).Value

	switch operator {
	case "+":
		return object.Integer{Value: leftVal + rightVal}
	case "-":
		return object.Integer{Value: leftVal - rightVal}
	case "*":
		return object.Integer{Value: leftVal * rightVal}
	case "/":
		return object.Integer{Value: leftVal / rightVal}
	case "%":
		return object.Integer{Value: leftVal % rightVal}
	case "|":
		return object.Integer{Value: leftVal | rightVal}
	case "^":
		return object.Integer{Value: leftVal ^ rightVal}
	case "&":
		return object.Integer{Value: leftVal & rightVal}
	case "<<":
		return object.Integer{Value: leftVal << uint64(rightVal)}
	case ">>":
		return object.Integer{Value: leftVal >> uint64(rightVal)}
	case "<":
		return nativeBoolToBooleanObject(leftVal < rightVal)
	case "<=":
		return nativeBoolToBooleanObject(leftVal <= rightVal)
	case ">":
		return nativeBoolToBooleanObject(leftVal > rightVal)
	case ">=":
		return nativeBoolToBooleanObject(leftVal >= rightVal)
	case "==":
		return nativeBoolToBooleanObject(leftVal == rightVal)
	case "!=":
		return nativeBoolToBooleanObject(leftVal != rightVal)
	default:
		return newError("unknown operator: %s %s %s", left.Type(), operator, right.Type())
	}
}

func evalIfExpression(ie *ast.IfExpression, env *object.Environment) object.Object {
	condition := Eval(ie.Condition, env)
	if isError(condition) {
		return condition
	}

	if isTruthy(condition) {
		return Eval(ie.Consequence, env)
	} else if ie.Alternative != nil {
		return Eval(ie.Alternative, env)
	} else {
		return NULL
	}
}

func isTruthy(obj object.Object) bool {
	switch obj {
	case NULL:
		return false
	case TRUE:
		return true
	case FALSE:
		return false
	default:
		return true
	}
}

func newError(format string, a ...interface{}) object.Error {
	return object.Error{Message: fmt.Sprintf(format, a...)}
}

// EvalModule evaluates the named module and returns a object.Module objec
func EvalModule(name string) object.Object {
	filename := utils.FindModule(name)

	b, err := os.ReadFile(filename)
	if err != nil {
		return newError("IOError: error reading module '%s': %s", name, err)
	}

	l := lexer.New(string(b))
	p := parser.New(fmt.Sprintf("<module %s>", name), l)

	module := p.ParseProgram()
	if len(p.Errors()) != 0 {
		return newError("ParseError: %s", p.Errors())
	}

	env := object.NewEnvironment()
	Eval(module, env)

	return env.ExportedHash()
}

func evalIdentifier(node *ast.Identifier, env *object.Environment) object.Object {
	if val, ok := env.Get(node.Value); ok {
		return val
	}

	if builtin, ok := builtins.Builtins[node.Value]; ok {
		return builtin
	}

	return newError("identifier not found: " + node.Value)
}

func evalExpressions(exps []ast.Expression, env *object.Environment) []object.Object {
	var result []object.Object

	for _, e := range exps {
		evaluated := Eval(e, env)
		if isError(evaluated) {
			return []object.Object{evaluated}
		}
		result = append(result, evaluated)
	}

	return result
}

func applyFunction(fn object.Object, args []object.Object) object.Object {
	switch fn := fn.(type) {

	case *object.Function:
		extendedEnv := extendFunctionEnv(fn, args)
		evaluated := Eval(fn.Body, extendedEnv)
		return unwrapReturnValue(evaluated)

	case *object.Builtin:
		if result := fn.Fn(args...); result != nil {
			return result
		}
		return NULL

	default:
		return newError("not a function: %s", fn.Type())

	}
}

func extendFunctionEnv(fn *object.Function, args []object.Object) *object.Environment {
	env := object.NewEnclosedEnvironment(fn.Env)

	for paramIdx, param := range fn.Parameters {
		env.Set(param.Value, args[paramIdx])
	}

	return env
}

func unwrapReturnValue(obj object.Object) object.Object {
	if returnValue, ok := obj.(object.ReturnValue); ok {
		return returnValue.Value
	}

	return obj
}

func evalIndexExpression(left, index object.Object) object.Object {
	switch {
	case left.Type() == object.StringType && index.Type() == object.IntegerType:
		return evalStringIndexExpression(left, index)
	case left.Type() == object.ArrayType && index.Type() == object.IntegerType:
		return evalArrayIndexExpression(left, index)
	case left.Type() == object.HashType:
		return evalHashIndexExpression(left, index)
	case left.Type() == object.ModuleType:
		return EvalModuleIndexExpression(left, index)
	default:
		return newError("index operator not supported: %s", left.Type())
	}
}

func EvalModuleIndexExpression(module, index object.Object) object.Object {
	moduleObject := module.(object.Module)
	return evalHashIndexExpression(moduleObject.Attrs, index)
}

func evalStringIndexExpression(str, index object.Object) object.Object {
	stringObject := str.(object.String)
	idx := index.(object.Integer).Value
	max := int64((len(stringObject.Value)) - 1)

	if idx < 0 || idx > max {
		return object.String{Value: ""}
	}

	return object.String{Value: string(stringObject.Value[idx])}
}

func evalHashIndexExpression(hash, index object.Object) object.Object {
	hashObject := hash.(*object.Hash)

	key, ok := index.(object.Hashable)
	if !ok {
		return newError("unusable as hash key: %s", index.Type())
	}

	pair, ok := hashObject.Pairs[key.HashKey()]
	if !ok {
		return NULL
	}

	return pair.Value
}

func evalArrayIndexExpression(array, index object.Object) object.Object {
	arrayObject := array.(*object.Array)
	idx := index.(object.Integer).Value
	maxInx := int64(len(arrayObject.Elements) - 1)

	if idx < 0 || idx > maxInx {
		return NULL
	}

	return arrayObject.Elements[idx]
}

func evalHashLiteral(node *ast.HashLiteral, env *object.Environment) object.Object {
	pairs := make(map[object.HashKey]object.HashPair)

	for keyNode, valueNode := range node.Pairs {
		key := Eval(keyNode, env)
		if isError(key) {
			return key
		}

		hashKey, ok := key.(object.Hashable)
		if !ok {
			return newError("unusable as hash key: %s", key.Type())
		}

		value := Eval(valueNode, env)
		if isError(value) {
			return value
		}

		hashed := hashKey.HashKey()
		pairs[hashed] = object.HashPair{
			Key:   key,
			Value: value,
		}
	}

	return &object.Hash{Pairs: pairs}
}